Events
- Buried
- 20 Dec 1327 — Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom
- Title
Comte de Ponthieu et Montreuil, 1st Earl of Chester, Prince of Wales, Duc d'Aquitaine, King Edward II of England
Parents
Family group sheet →- FatherEdward17 Jun 1239 – 07 Jul 1307
- MotherEleanor de CastillaAbt. 1244 – 29 Nov 1290
- ChildEleanor of England17 Jun 1264 – 12 Oct 1298
- ChildJoan of EnglandJun 1265 – 07 Sep 1265
- ChildJohn of England10 Jul 1266 – 01 Aug 1272
- ChildAlice of EnglandAbt. 1267 – 1279
- ChildHenry of England13 Jul 1267 – 14 Oct 1274
- ChildJuliana of England1271 – 1271
- ChildJoan of AcreAbt. Apr 1272 – 23 Apr 1307
- ChildAlfonso of England24 Nov 1273 – 19 Aug 1284
- ChildMargaret of England11 Sep 1275 – 1318
- ChildBerengaria of England1276 – Abt. 1279
- ChildMary of England11 Mar 1278 – Bef. 22 Jul 1332
- ChildAlice of England12 Mar 1279 – Abt. 1291
- ChildIsabella of England12 Mar 1279 – 1279
- ChildLady Elizabeth Plantagenet07 Aug 1282 – 05 May 1316
- ChildEdward, II25 Apr 1284 – 21 Sep 1327
- ChildBeatrice of EnglandAbt 1286 – Abt 1286
- ChildBlanche of England1290 – 1290
Family
Family group sheet →Married: 28 Jan 1307 and 1308 — Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Normandy, France
- FatherEdward, II25 Apr 1284 – 21 Sep 1327
- MotherIsabelle de France1292 – 22 Aug 1358
- ChildAdamAbt. 1310 – Aft. 1322
- ChildEdward, III13 Nov 1312 – 21 Jun 1377
- ChildJohn of Eltham Plantagenet15 Aug 1315 – 14 Sep 1336
- ChildEleanor of Woodstock Plantagenet8 Jun 1318 – 22 Apr 1355
- ChildJoanna of The Tower PlantagenetJul 1321 – 07 Sep 1362
Notes
- 1. Edward II, Plantagenet king of England (1307-1327), whose incompetence and distaste for government finally led to his deposition and murder. Edward was the fourth son of King Edward I and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile. The deaths of hi s older brothers made the infant prince heir to the throne; in 1301 he was proclaimed prince of Wales, the first heir apparent in English history to bear that title. The prince was idle and frivolous, with no liking for military campaigning or a ffairs of state.Believing that the prince's close friend Piers Gaveston, a Gascon knight, was a bad influence on the prince, Edward I banished Gaveston. On his father's death, however, Edward II recalled his favorite homosexual lover Piers Gaves ton from exile, abandoned the campaign against Robert Bruce, and devoted himself to frivolity.Gaveston incurred the opposition of the powerful English barony. The nobles were particularly angered in 1308, when Edward made Gaveston regent for th e period of the king's absence in France, where he went to marry Isabella, 15, daughter of King Philip IV. Gaveston married the king's niece, Margaret of Gloucester, and received the earldom of Cornwall. In 1311 the barons, led by Thomas, Ear l of Lancaster, forcedthe king to appoint from among them a committee of 21 nobles and prelates, called the lords ordainers. They proclaimed a series of ordinances that transferred the ruling power to themselves and excluded the commons and lowe r clergy from Parliament. After they had twice forced the king to banish Gaveston, and the king had each time recalled him, the English barons finally had the king's favorite kidnapped and treacherously executed. In the meantime, Robert Bruce ha d almost completed his re conquest of Scotland, which he had begun shortly after 1305. In 1314 Edward II and his barons raised an army of some 100,000 men with which to crush Bruce,but in the attempt to lift the siege of Stirling they were decis ively defeated (Battle of Bannockburn). For the following eight years the earl of Lancaster virtually ruled thekingdom. In 1322, however, with the advice and help of two new royal favorites, the baron Hugh le Despenser, and his son, also Hugh l e Despenser, Edward defeated Lancaster in battle and had him executed. The le Despensers thereupon became de facto rulers of England. They summoned a Parliament in which the commons were included and which repealed the ordinances of 1311 on th e ground that they had been passed by the barons only. The repeal was a great step forward in English constitutional development, for it meant that thenceforth no law passed by Parliament was valid unless the House of Commons approved it. Edwar d again futilely invaded Scotland in 1322, and in 1323 signed a 13-year truce with Bruce. In 1325 Queen Isabella accompanied the prince of Wales to France, where, in accordance with feudal custom, he did homage to king Charles IV for the fief o f Aquitaine. Isabella, who desired to depose the le Despensers, allied herself with some barons who had been exiled by Edward. In 1326, with their leader, Roger de Mortimer, Isabella raised an army and invaded England. Edward and his favoritesf led, but his wife's army pursued and executed the le Despensers. Edward II was effectively deposed by his wife Isabelle and her lover Mortimer, who had the parliament of Westminster force the king's abdication and replace him with his son of 14 , who reigned until 1377 as Edward III. Edward II was captured in 1326, deposed in 1327, imprisoned in Berkeley Castle where he was mistreated in hopes that he would die of disease and malnutrition, but the king had a strong constitution, so h e was put to death with cruelty September 21; it was announced that he died of natural causes.